The sonnets of Seamus Heaney in Spanish

This paper seeks to offer a more nuanced and further-reaching exploration of the translation of all of Seamus Heaney’s sonnets into a Spanish ‘collected’, lead by the Mexican poet Pura López-Colomé. Taking in critical thinking on creativity and the ‘post-colonial’ sonnet as well as Heaney’s and López-Colomé’s own views and metaphorics relating to literary translation, this paper asks not only what Sonetos brings to the originals, but what they bring also to poetry and translation. The paper argues that Sonetos offers a distinct insight into questions of semantic faithfulness and the translator’s visibility, but also that whilst we must eschew metaphysical or essentialist language in analysis, the project of Sonetos has also been to communicate not just original poetry’s, but also translation’s qualities as a strategy of (secular) revelation

An introduction to ghost imaging: quantum and classical

Ghost imaging has been a subject of interest to the quantum optics community for the past 20 years. Initially seen as manifestation of quantum spookiness, it is now recognized as being implementable in both single- and many-photon number regimes. Beyond its scientific curiosity, it is now feeding novel imaging modalities potentially offering performance attributes that traditional approaches cannot match

Generation of Caustics and Spatial Rogue Waves from Nonlinear Instability

Caustics are natural phenomena in which nature concentrates the energy of waves. Although, they are known mostly in optics, caustics are intrinsic to all wave phenomena. For example, studies show that fluctuations in the profile of an ocean floor can generate random caustics and focus the energy of tsunami waves. Caustics share many similarities to rogue waves, as they both exhibit heavy-tailed distribution, i.e. an overpopulation of large events. Linear Schr\"odinger-type equations are usually used to explain the wave dynamics of caustics. However, in that the wave amplitude increases dramatically in caustics, nonlinearity is inevitable in many systems. In this Letter, we investigate the effect of nonlinearity on the formation of optical caustics. We show experimentally that, in contrast to linear systems, even small phase fluctuations can generate strong caustics upon nonlinear propagation. We simulated our experiment based on the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLSE) with Kerr-type nonlinearity, which describes the wave dynamics not only in optics, but also in some other physical systems such as oceans. Therefore, our results may also aid our understanding of ocean phenomena.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Formation of Cu(In1-xAlx)Se2 by selenising RF magnetron sputtered Cu/Al/In precursor layers

The fabrication of Cu(In1-xAlx)Se2 using a multi-step process is reported. This process consists of depositing layers of Cu/Al/In, using magnetron sputtering, to form a metallic precursor layer, capping the stack with a layer of selenium, and then annealing in selenium vapour to synthesise the compound. The effects of annealing conditions on the chemical and physical properties of the converted layers were investigated. Rapid thermal processing at different temperatures indicated the formation of Cu(In1-xAlx)Se2 but only for annealing temperatures<360?C; a CuInSe2 phase was found to be present in all the layers fabricated. Annealing processes at higher temperatures (530-550?C) in a large tube furnace did succeed in producing Cu(In1-xAlx)Se2 without CIS, but only when a copper capping layer was included on the precursor stack

Do Flexible Durable Goods Prices Undermine Sticky Price Models?

The “neoclassical synthesis” sticky price model exhibits strange behavior when augmented with markets for durable goods with flexible prices. While in the data the output of durable goods responds strongly and positively to a loosening of monetary policy, in dynamic general equilibrium models a monetary expansion causes the output of flexibly priced durables to contract. In an instructive special case in which the only sticky prices are those of nondurables, the negative co-movement of durable and nondurable output exactly offsets and the behavior of aggregate output in the model is very similar to that of a model with fully flexible prices. This neutrality result is special, but the perverse response of durables to monetary policy is highly robust. The reason for the co-movement problem is the combination of a naturally high intertemporal elasticity of substitution for the purchases of durables and temporarily high factor prices associated with an economic expansion.sticky-prices durables comovement neutrality

Influence of reaction conditions on the properties of solution-processed Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals

Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals were fabricated by hot injection of sulphur into a solution of metallic precursors. By careful control of the reaction conditions it was possible to control the elemental composition of the nanocrystals such that they are suitable for earth abundant photovoltaic absorbers. When the reaction temperature increased from 195 oC to 240 oC the energy band gap of the nanocrystals decreased from 1.65 eV to 1.39 eV. This variation is explained by the identification of a mixed wurtzite-kesterite phase at lower reaction temperatures and secondary phase Cu2SnS3 at higher temperatures. Moreover, the existence of wurtzite structure depends critically on the reaction cooling rate. The reaction time was also found to have a strong effect on the nanocrystals which became increasingly copper poor and zinc rich as the reaction evolved. As the reaction time increase from 15 minutes to 60 minutes, the energy band gap increased from 1.42 eV to 1.84 eV. This variation is discussed in terms of the sample doping. The results demonstrate the importance of optimising the reaction conditions to produce high quality Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals

Investigating synthesis of Cu2ZnSn(Se1-x,Sx)4 for values of 0≤x≤1 by S for Se substitution and direct sulphidisation of metallic precursors

Thin layers of Cu2ZnSn(Se1-x,Sx)4 were produced by selenisation and subsequent sulphur substitution of DC sputter-deposited metallic CZT precursors on soda-lime glass. Values of x=(0, 0.07, 0.12, 0.17, 0.28, 1) were measured by EDS. Samples were characterised optically and analysed using the Kubelka-Munk function, and found to have 0.96eV ≤Eg≤ 1.47eV, varying approximately linearly with x. Samples underwent X-ray diffraction characterisation and substituted samples were found to comprise of multiple phase kesterite material with different levels of S substitution, averaging to the values obtained by EDS. The spectra were found to conform to Vegard's law, as peak location shifted linearly between x=0 and x=1. Binary phases are suspected to exist, because of some unusual behaviour at the location of the (200) peak. Lattice parameters for all phases were calculated and found to vary linearly between (a=b=5.692, c=11.338) for x=0 and (a=b= 5.393, c= 10.863) for x=1, which are in excellent agreement with previously published figures

Characterisation of Thin Films CuIn1-xAlxSe2 Prepared by Selenisation of Magnetron Sputtered Metallic Precursors

Thin films of CuIn1-xAlxSe2 have been produced by the selenisation of magnetron sputtered Cu/In/Al precursor layers using elemental selenium and the chemical and physical properties of the layers have been determined for different conditions of synthesis. For optimum conditions of synthesis it was found possible to produce single phase films with the chalcopyrite structure. These films were pinhole free, had good adhesion and were conformal to the substrate. The films had uniform depth profiles as determined using the MiniSIMS. The layers were highly photoactive, indicating that they have the potential to be used to fabricate thin film photovoltaic solar cell devices

Sticky Price Models and Durable Goods

This paper shows that there are striking implications that stem from including durable goods in otherwise conventional sticky price models. The behavior of these models depends heavily on whether durable goods are present and whether these goods have sticky prices. If long-lived durables have sticky prices, then even small durables sectors can cause the model to behave as though most prices were sticky. Conversely, if durable goods prices are flexible then the model exhibits unwelcome behavior. Flexibly priced durables contract during periods of economic expansion. The tendency towards negative comovement is very robust and can be so strong as to dominate the aggregate behavior of the model. In an instructive limiting case, money has no effects on aggregate output even though most prices in the model are sticky.Sticky prices, Durables, Comovement, Neutrality